Three Functions of Titanium
Functional materials are engineering materials mainly based on physical properties, i.e. materials with special properties in electricity, magnetism, sound, light, heat, etc., or materials that exhibit special functions under their actions. Research on titanium and titanium alloy has found that they have three special functions and have application prospects:
一、Memory Function
Titanium-nickel alloy has one-way, two-way and all-round memory effects at a certain ambient temperature and is recognized as the best memory alloy. In engineering, pipe joints are made for the hydraulic system of fighter planes. Oil pipeline system of oil joint enterprises; A 500mm diameter parabolic mesh antenna made of 0.5mm diameter wire is used on an aerospace vehicle. It is used in medical engineering to make snoring treatment. Make screws for fracture healing, etc. All the above applications have achieved obvious results.
二、Superconducting Function
Niobium-titanium alloy shows superconducting function of zero resistance when the temperature is lower than the critical temperature.
三、Hydrogen Storage Function
Titanium-iron alloy has the characteristic of hydrogen absorption, which stores a large amount of hydrogen safely and releases hydrogen in a certain environment. This has great prospects in hydrogen separation, hydrogen purification, hydrogen storage and transportation, and the manufacture of hydrogen-based heat pumps and storage batteries.
Ten Properties of Titanium
1, The density is small and the specific strength is high
The density of metallic titanium is 4.51g/cm3, higher than that of aluminum but lower than that of steel, copper and nickel, but the specific strength is the highest among metals.
2, Corrosion resistance
Titanium is a very active metal, its equilibrium potential is very low, and its thermodynamic corrosion tendency in medium is large. But in fact titanium is very stable in many media, such as titanium is corrosion resistant in oxidizing, neutral and weakly reducing media. This is because titanium and oxygen have great affinity. In air or oxygen-containing medium, a layer of dense, strong adhesion and inert oxide film is formed on the surface of titanium to protect the titanium matrix from corrosion. Even if it is due to mechanical wear, it will heal or regenerate quickly. This indicates that titanium is a metal with strong passivation tendency. Titanium oxide film with medium temperature below 315℃ always keeps this characteristic.
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of titanium, surface treatment technologies such as oxidation, electroplating, plasma spraying, ion nitriding, ion implantation and laser treatment have been developed to enhance the protection of titanium oxide film and obtain the desired corrosion resistance effect. A series of corrosion-resistant titanium alloys such as titanium-molybdenum, titanium-palladium, titanium-molybdenum-nickel, etc. have been developed to meet the requirements of metal materials in the production of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, methylamine solution, high-temperature wet chlorine and high-temperature chloride. Titanium castings are made of titanium -32 molybdenum alloy, and titanium -0.3 molybdenum -0.8 nickel alloy is used in environments where crevice corrosion or pitting corrosion often occurs, or titanium -0.2 palladium alloy is used locally in titanium equipment, and good application effects are obtained.
3, Good heat resistance
The new titanium alloy can be used for a long time at 600℃ or higher.
4, Good low temperature resistance
The strength of low-temperature titanium alloys such as TA7 (Ti-5Al-2.5Sn), TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) and Ti-2.5Zr-1.5Mo increases with the decrease of temperature, but the plasticity changes little. It maintains good ductility and toughness at-196 ~ 253℃, avoids cold brittleness of metal, and is an ideal material for low-temperature containers, storage tanks and other equipment.
5, Strong anti-damping performance
After being subjected to mechanical vibration and electric vibration, titanium has the longest vibration attenuation time compared with steel and copper. This property of titanium can be used as tuning fork, vibrating element of medical ultrasonic pulverizer and vibrating film of advanced sound loudspeaker.
6, Non-magnetic, non-toxic
Titanium is a nonmagnetic metal and will not be magnetized in a large magnetic field. It is nontoxic and has good compatibility with human tissues and blood, so it is adopted by the medical field.
7, The tensile strength is close to its yield strength
This property of titanium shows that its yield ratio (tensile strength/yield strength) is high, indicating the poor plastic deformation of metal titanium materials during forming. Due to the large ratio of the yield limit to the elastic modulus of titanium, the resilience of titanium during forming is large.
8, Good heat exchange performance
Although the thermal conductivity of metallic titanium is lower than that of carbon steel and copper, the wall thickness can be greatly reduced due to the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium, and the heat exchange mode between the surface and steam is droplet condensation, which reduces the heat group, and the thermal resistance can also be reduced without scaling on the surface, thus significantly improving the heat exchange performance of titanium.
9, Low Elastic Modulus
The elastic modulus of titanium is 106.4GMPa at room temperature, 57% of that of steel.
10, Aspiration Performance
Titanium is a metal with very active chemical properties, which can react with many elements and compounds at high temperature. Titanium getter mainly refers to the reaction with carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen at high temperature.
|
Application field |
Usage Characteristics of Materials |
Application site | |
|
Aviation industry |
jet engine |
It has high yield strength/density ratio and fatigue strength/density ratio below 500℃, good thermal stability and excellent atmospheric corrosion resistance, which can reduce the structural quality. |
Use at positions below 500℃: compressor disc, static blade, moving blade, casing, combustion chamber casing, exhaust mechanism casing, center body, air injection pipe, etc. |
|
Fuselage |
Under 300℃, the specific strength is high. |
Fire wall, skin, girder, pouring frame, wing rib, partition frame, fastener, conduit, door, tie rod, etc. | |
|
Rocket, Missile and Spacecraft Industry |
At normal temperature and ultra-low temperature, it has high specific strength and sufficient toughness and plasticity. |
High pressure vessel, fuel storage tank, rocket engine and missile shell, ship cabin skin and structural framework, main landing gear, lunar module, etc. | |
|
Shipbuilding and Warship Manufacturing Industry |
High specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance in seawater and ocean atmosphere. |
Pressure hull, structural parts, buoyancy system sphere, pump body, pipeline and deck fittings of water vessels, speedboat propeller, propulsion shaft, hydrofoil, whip antenna, etc. | |
|
Chemical industry, petroleum industry |
It has good corrosion resistance in oxidizing and neutral media, and its corrosion resistance can also be improved by alloying in reducing media. |
In petrochemical, chemical fertilizer, acid and alkali, sodium, chlorine and seawater desalination industries, they are used as heat exchangers, reaction towers, distillers, washing towers, synthesizers, autoclaves, valves, conduits, pumps, pipelines, etc. | |
|
Other industries |
Conventional genuine product manufacturing |
耐蚀性好，密度小 |
火炮尾架、迫击炮底板、火箭炮炮管及药室、喷管、火炮套箍、坦克车轮及履带、扭力棒、战车驱动轴、装甲板等 |
|
Metallurgical industry |
Has high chemical activity and good corrosion resistance |
It is a good deoxidizer and alloy element in iron and steel smelting to be used as corrosion resistant material in smelting non-ferrous metals such as nickel, cobalt and titanium. | |
|
Other industries |
Health care |
It has excellent corrosion resistance to body fluids, no toxicity, and good affinity with muscle tissue. |
Do medical equipment and surgical orthopedic materials, titanium teeth, heart valves, diaphragms, bone joints and fixation screws, titanium bones, etc. |
|
uhv |
It has high chemical activity and can adsorb oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, CO, CO2, methane and other gases. |
Titanium ion pump | |
|
electroplating industry |
Corrosion resistance, long service life, fast heat transfer, good heating effect, no pollution to products, can improve labor productivity and reduce maintenance costs. |
Nickel plating, chromium plating (except fluoride chromium plating), acidic and cyanide copper plating, ferric chloride copper plate corrosion as heater, plating bath, net basket, hanging tool, thin film evaporator, etc. | |
|
Power station |
High corrosion resistance, low density, light weight, good comprehensive mechanical and technological properties, high thermal stability and low linear expansion coefficient. |
All titanium condenser, condenser, tubesheet, cold oil pipe, steam turbine blade, etc. | |
|
Mechanical instrument |
Precision balance beam, watch case, optical instrument, etc | ||
|
textile industry |
Anti-corrosion parts and components in sub-bleaching machine and sub-bleaching tank | ||
|
paper industry |
Pumps, valves, pipelines, fans, mixers, etc. | ||
|
Pharmaceutical industry |
Feeding machine, heater, separator, reaction tank, agitator, filter pressing tank, discharge pipe, etc. | ||
|
Sports goods |
Model airplane, badminton racket, mountaineering equipment, fishing pole, sword, all-titanium racing car, etc. | ||
|
Arts and crafts |
Titanium plate painting, pen container, ink stone, crutch, brooch, etc. |
|
Performance |
Alloy grade | |||||||||||||
|
TA1TA2TA3 |
TA4 |
TA5 |
TA6 |
TA7 |
TB2 |
TC1 |
TC2 |
TC3 |
TC4 |
TC6 |
TC9 |
TC10 | ||
|
Density at 20℃γ/g/cm3 |
4.5 |
— |
4.43 |
4.40 |
4.46 |
4.81 |
4.55 |
4.55 |
4.43 |
4.45 |
4.5 |
4.52 |
4.53 | |
|
Melting point/℃ |
1668 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1538-1649 |
-- |
-- |
1570-1640 |
-- |
1538-1649 |
1620-1650 |
-- |
-- | |
|
Specific heat capacity c/(j/kgk) |
20℃ |
544 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
540 |
540 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
100℃ |
544 |
-- |
-- |
586 |
540 |
540 |
574 |
-- |
-- |
678 |
502 |
544 |
540 | |
|
200℃ |
628 |
-- |
-- |
670 |
569 |
553 |
-- |
565 |
565 |
691 |
586 |
-- |
548 | |
|
300℃ |
670 |
-- |
-- |
712 |
590 |
569 |
641 |
628 |
628 |
703 |
670 |
-- |
565 | |
|
400℃ |
712 |
-- |
-- |
796 |
620 |
636 |
699 |
670 |
670 |
741 |
712 |
-- |
557 | |
|
500℃ |
754 |
-- |
-- |
879 |
653 |
599 |
729① |
754 |
712 |
754 |
796 |
-- |
528 | |
|
600℃ |
837 |
-- |
-- |
921 |
691 |
862 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
879 |
-- |
-- |
-- | |
|
Resistivity ρ/10-6Ω at 20℃·m |
0.47 |
-- |
1.26 |
1.08 |
1.38 |
1.55 |
-- |
-- |
1.42 |
1.60 |
1.36 |
1.62 |
1.87 | |
|
Thermal conductivity λ/w/(mk)） |
20℃ |
16.33 |
10.47 |
-- |
7.54 |
8.79 |
-- |
9.63 |
9.63 |
8.37 |
5.44 |
7.95 |
7.54 |
-- |
|
100℃ |
16.33 |
12.14 |
-- |
8.79 |
9.63 |
12.14② |
10.47 |
-- |
8.79 |
6.70 |
8.79 |
12.98 |
-- | |
①450℃ ②80℃ ③100-200℃ ④200-300℃ ⑤300-400℃ ⑥400-500℃ ⑦500-600℃ ⑧490℃ ⑨575℃。
1. Titanium wire
|
grade |
state |
Size mm | |
|
TA0、TA0EL1 |
Annealing state (m) |
0.1-7.0 | |
|
TC4 |
1.6-7.0 | ||
|
Note: The use and supply status of wire shall be indicated in the contract. If not, the wire shall be supplied according to the welding wire and processing status (Y or R) | |||
|
grade |
AWS |
ASTM |
|
1 |
AWS A5.16, ERTi 1 |
ASTM B 348, Gr 1 |
|
2 |
AWS A5.16, ERTi 2 |
ASTM B 348, Gr 2 |
|
3 |
AWS A5.16, ERTi 3 |
ASTM B 348, Gr 3 |
|
4 |
AWS A5.16, ERTi 4 |
ASTM B 348, Gr 4 |
|
6Al-4V |
AWS A5.16, ERTi-5 |
ASTM B 348, Gr 5 |
|
6Al-4V Eli WW |
AWS A5.16, ERTi-5 Eli |
ASTM B 348 Gr23 |
|
0.3 Mo-0.8 Ni |
AWS A5.16, ERTi 12 |
ASTM B 348, Gr 12 |
|
Ti + Pd |
AWS A5.16, ERTi-0.2 Pd. |
ASTM B 348, Gr 7 |
|
3Al-2.5V |
AWS A5.16, ERTi-9 |
ASTM B 348, Gr 9 |
2. Titanium tube
|
Titanium tube |
Product name |
grade |
Specification range (㎜) |
Implementation standard |
|
|
Titanium Seamless Pipe (China) |
TA0-TA3 |
（3-114）×(1.0-6) ×≤12000 |
GB/T3624-95 GB/T3625-2007 GB/T3625-95 |
|
|
Titanium Pipelines (China) |
TA0-TA3 |
≥114 |
GB/T3624-95 GB/T3625-2007 GB/T3625-95 |
|
|
Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe (China) |
TA9 |
（3-114）×(1.0-6) ×≤12000 |
GB/T3624-95 GB/T3625-2007 GB/T3625-95 |
|
|
|
TA10 |
（3-114）×(1.0-6) ×≤12000 |
GB/T3624-95 GB/T3625-2007 GB/T3625-95 |
|
|
Titanium Alloy Pipeline (China) |
TA9 |
≥114 |
GB/T3624-95 GB/T3625-2007 GB/T3625-95 |
|
|
Making Seamless Tubes (USA) |
Gr1 |
（3-114）×(1.0-6) ×≤12000 |
ASTM B337 ASTM B338 ASTM B 861-2005 |
|
|
Titanium Pipes (USA) |
Gr1 |
≥114 |
ASTM B 862-2006 |
|
|
Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe (USA) |
Gr7 |
（3-114）×(1.0-6) ×≤12000 |
ASTM B337 |
|
|
|
Gr12 |
（3-114）×(1.0-6) ×≤12000 |
ASTM B337 |
|
|
Titanium Alloy Pipe (USA) |
Gr7 |
|
|
|
|
Titanium Seamless Pipe (Russia) |
BT1-0 |
（3-114）×(1.0-6) ×≤12000 |
GOST22879-86 |
|
Nickel tube |
Nickel Seamless Pipe (China) |
Ni4 |
（3-114）×(1.0-6) |
GB/T 2882-2005 |
|
|
Nickel seamless pipe |
Ni200 |
（3-114）×(1.0-6) |
ASTMB163 |
|
Zirconium tube |
Seamless tubes made of zirconium |
Zr2 |
（3-114）×(1.0-6) |
GB/T 8768-88 ASTM B 523 |
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